Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is either invasive or noninvasive (often referred to as in situ). There are two types of noninvasive breast cancer: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). These two types of noninvasive breast cancers do not invade the basement membrane of the breast. As its name indicates ductal carcinoma in situ in the cancer cells are found in the lining of the ducts, while the lobular carcinoma in situ in the cancer cells are found in the lobules (see Anatomy of a detailed description of the ductals and lobes of the breast).
There are two types of breast cancer described above, and there are two types of breast cancer: ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. As their names indicate, the ductal carcinoma penetrates the duct wall and travels to areas outside it, while spreads invasive lobular carcinoma through the wall of the lobe and also travels to areas outside it. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer, which represents between 70% -80% of cases of breast cancer.
Breast cancer, like other forms of cancer, is the result of multiple environmental and hereditary factors. Some of these factors include:
The DNA damage and genetic mutations. Mutations can lead to breast cancer have been experimentally linked to estrogen exposure.
The failure of immune surveillance, a theory in which the immune system eliminates malignant cells throughout life.
Abnormal growth factor signaling in the interaction between stromal cells and epithelial cells can facilitate the growth of malignant cells.
Hereditary defects in DNA repair genes such as TP53 BRCA1''''''''y''BRCA2.''People in less developed countries report lower incidence rates in developed countries.
In the United States, from 10 to 20 percent of patients with breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients have a first or second degree with one of these diseases. Mutations in either of the two major susceptibility genes for susceptibility gene for breast cancer (BRCA1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2), confer a risk of breast cancer between 60 and 85 percent risk of ovarian cancer among 15 to 40 percent. However, mutations in these genes account for only 2 to 3 percent of all breast cancers.
Category Article breast cancer
Entri Populer
-
The survival rate of patients with cancer to give an idea of the extent of their cancer and the treatments available to them. We often... -
Canine mouth cancer represents about 6% of all cancer s in dog s. The most common types of oral malignancies are fibrosarcoma, squamous cel... -
The main cause of lung cancer is smoking , approximately 90 percent of lung cancer caused by smoking . in the United States more than... -
While a nose serous nasal discharge may be simply a sign of infection caused by bacteria or viruses, a discharge containing mucus, pus or b... -
Typically, the survival rate of small cell lung cancer based on stage. The higher stage of cancer is less chance of survival . However, ...
